Broaching machine



Dec. 17, 1940. B WELTE ETAL 2,225,191

' BRoAcHING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 By ier-z? Werder?.

TT ORNE YS.

Dec. 17, 1940. B. WEL-rE m-AL BROACHING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTO/e5.

' TTORNE Ys Dec. 17, 1940. B. WELTEA ETAL BROACHING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet4 3 Dec. 17, 1940. B. WELTE ETAL BROACHING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 A /NVENTo/es. (56276@7265 /eZZe, BY /f wf/e/z f A TTo/e/VE ys Patented Dec. 17, 1940 -uNl'rrzoA STATES BROAC'HING MACHINE Benedict Welte, Berkley, and Albert H. Werden, Royal Oak, Mich., assignors to Colonial Breach Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application April 4, 1938, Serial No. 199,756

8 Claims.

This invention relates to breaching machines of the dual ram type.

The main objects of this invention are to provide an improved breaching machine of the dual ram type, in which the work holders move alternately into position so that the Work held thereby is acted on by the breaches in alternate manner, one work holder being unloaded and reloaded while the breach is acting on the work being held by the other work holder; te provide a machine of this character'which will have 'a' relatively highv production; to provide a dual type high production.- breaching machine of relatively simple andv sturdy construction; to provide a breaching machine in which the operating parts will have comparatively little wear and, therefore, will have exceptionally long life; to provide a breaching machine which will continue rte hold successive pieces of work accurately positioned with respect to the breaching tool over a long period of time, even though Wear occurs on the work holder actuating mechanism, such wear not in any wise aiecting the accurate positioning of the work; to yprovide a machine of this ycharacter in which the Work holder platen actuating means acts directly in line with and closeto thefbroachingl ram--to provide a construction in which the work holding platen is rigidly supported directly onthe machine Aframe work and securely heldfso as to not either rock away'from` the breaching ram aft the beginning of ther/cut, -or rock into the breach later on in the stroke; te prot/idek a breaching machine which may beeasily and readily-disassembled for inspection, cleaning, repair or replacement of parts, and toprovide a `construction in which the abutting Icontacting limit-stop faces for accurately positioning the work holding platen with respect to the breach are well protected from chips or foreign matter which mightotherwise `get between these contacting vfaces and thereby aifect the correct positioningvof the work with respect te the breach. y

An illustrative embodiment `of this invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in

which.:

Fig. 1, is a viewinfront elevation of the improved broaching machine;

Fig. 2 isa view in side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional. view, taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, looking in-the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 4 is `an enlarged sectionalr View takenk on the line 4--4 of. Fig. 3, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. .5 is a fragmentary view, partly in section, and partly .in elevation, taken enrthe line 5-5 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. v6 is an enlarged, fragmentary,'sectiona1 view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged', fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line 'l--l of Fig. 4, looking in rth'e direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 3,'looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line 9--9 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig, 10 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line Ill-lil of Fig. 9, looking in fthe direction indicated by the arrows; andv Fig. 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional View taken on the line Il -II of Fig. 5, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

In the construction shown in the drawings, a vertically extending frame, generally designated I2, is provided With a horizontally disposed shelf portion I3 extending along one side thereof and with a laterally extending bracket I 4 at the opposite side thereof, which supports an electric motor I5. The motor I5 drives a hydraulic pump, the fluid from which is used to operate the various elements of the breaching machine, and the controls for operating the same are shownr in detail in the copending application of Benedict Welte, Serial No. 203,654, iled April 22, 1938, and assigned to the assignee of, the present invention.

The vertical face of the frame I2, adjacent to and above the Work table I3, is provided with a pair of spaced, parallel, vertically slidable hydraulic rams I6 and Il of identical construction Which have tool holders I8 and I9, respectively, secured to their front faces by cap screws 2t and 2|, respectively, and which are held in trued position by keys 22 and 23, respectively. The tool holdersY I8 and I9 are shown provided with surface breaches 2li and 25, respectively.

. The rams I6 and I'l are hydraulically operated in the usual .manner of breaching machines and are mounted on strips of bearing metal 26 and 2l, respectively, which form ways for the rams and are held thereagainst by retaining strips 28 and 29, respectively, `which are secured by cap screws 3l), and 3|, respectively.

A pair of Work holder platens 32 and 33 are slidably mounted in spaced, parallel relation and are reciprocable toward and away from the vertically reciprocable rams I6 and I'l, respectively. The platen 32 is slidable on horizontally disposed ways 34 and 35 andthe opposite side marginal edges are cut `out to receive hold-down bars 36 and 3l which overlap the edges of the platen, as shown most clearly in Fig. 4, and which are held to base plates 41 and 47A by cap screws 38 and 39, respectively. Likewise, the platen 33, which is of the same construction Means are provided for reciprocating the platens 32 and 33 alternately toward and away from their respective broaching rams and com; prise a horizontally disposed reciprocablepam plate de, having its opposite marginal edges mounted on guideways d5 Vand 46 `of a base support 48. The cam plate 44 is held on its ways and retained on the work table by the base plates d1, 1A and `MB, which are held to the base support 48 by cap screws 49. The upper surface of the slide t4 is provided with arcuate grooves 5|] and 5|, which receive snugly fitting depending cam lugs 52 and `53, `respectively, integrally formed on the lower ends of vertically disposed pins 54 and 55, respectively, which are mounted in the work holder platens 32 and 33, respectively. The cam lugs 52 and 53 are elongated in the direction of the grooves and shaped to conform to the curvature thereof, so as to present a broad bearing surface for engagement with the side walls of their respective grooves, and the pins are of identical construction and mounting so that ,a detailed description of one will sufhce for both;

Referring particularly to Figs. 4 and 9, pinsk 54` and 55 are surrounded by eccentric bushings 56 and 51, respectively, which are rotatable in their respective platens' 32 'and 33 for adjusting the platens to compensate for manufacturing inaccuracies. "The bushings are secured in adjusted position by cap screws A58 which extend through a radially extending flange on the top end of the bushings and which is screwed into the platen, m

The cam lugs on the lower ends of the pins 5'4 and 55 overlap the lower ends of their respective bushings, and the pins are retained within the bushings by separable heads 59 which are secured to" top surface of the platen 32 and which is secured in place by screws 62.

As shown most clearly in Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings, the medial part of theplaten 33,l on its under side, is provided with a depending rib 63, which is embraced between and bears against vertical side walls of a slot E4 formed between the base plates 41A and MB. The slot 84 is relatively broad and flat bottomed and receives a stopmemy ber which is secured to the base 4B by cap screws 66 and a key 66A. A felt wiper 61 is provided 'for keeping chips and foreign matter from entering and getting tothe contact face atthe inner end thereof. Theend of the Vstop member B5 toward the pin 55 terminates in arectangular` stop face 63 which abuts against a similar corn- `plen'ientary face formed on a"platef69 which is` securedin a slot formed in the platen rib 63` by screws 10 'and which serves as a limit stop for movement of the platen 33 toward its breaching ram.` The same constructionis embodied in the platen 32 and forthe same purpose.

HA.. The cylinder 1| isaccurately aligned `on the cani plate i4 by longitudinally extending keys T|B, and the driving thrust is taken by a pair of transversely disposed keys 1|C. The cylinder 1| is reciprooable on a relatively stationary seamless steel tubewhich forms hollow piston rods 12 and 13 extending from opposite axial ends of a piston 14, within the hydraulic cylinder 1|. The hollow piston rods 12 and 13 are separatedfrom i communication with each other by a dowel pin plug 14A which is pressed into the tube, as shown I in Figi 11, and tlieplston 14 is preferably secured grooves, anda dowel pin 14B driven therethrough, which also passes through the plug 14A, thus holdingv the `plug from being axially displaced by differential i pressures` gto f which A; itf is` subjected. The cylinder 1| is providedrwith ailining 1,5 in the usual manner `and .the hollowA pistong rods communicatewith `thejfinterlor vof the hydraulic cylinder at opposite` 'sidesof the piston 14 by apertures 16 and 11 which `extend-through the walls of the piston rods 12fand 13, respectively,fclosely adjacentto the piston ,14n` The opposite vends of the hydraulic cylinder'are provided with stuffing boxes 18 and 13, which` are provided'with packing for preventing theV leakage `oiipiluidaround the piston rodsz12and 13,:respectively.` l The oppositely extendingouter ends ofthe pistonv rods A12 and 13 are mounted andrsealed in inwardly extending hubs for bosses 80 and`8l, respectively, of end'frarneplates 82 and 83,1respectively, which are 'secured against? the opposite outer sides of the supporting framework;

The outer endof the piston rod 13' is exteriorly threaded :with a taper pipethradahdthe boss 8| threaded tightly thereon.""1`The plate 83 is drilled in axial alignment wit'hthe piston rodi13 andisiinteriorly threaded` to receive a hydraulic line pipe 81. 'Il'heouterend ofthepiston'rod 1,2 has a slip fit in -the inner 'end of the hub or boss 80, andsaid boss is counterbored toreceive packing material` `llAfwhich" isl held tightly against Y tlieouter walls of thepistonirodby a "packing gland'84 which Vis secured by screws 84A.y

The outer side of Athe y'hydraulic cylinder 1| is provided with hydraullc'valve actuating blocks 83 and 89, arid are "adjustably mounted, thereon by means of screws 30 and 9| ,jrespectiv'elm which extendthrougli longitudinal slots formed in their respective blocks.` The block has a `cam surface 92 Aat the leading. edge thereof which is adapted to engage the upstanding beveled end of a verticallydi'sposed plunger 93the lower endof which is connected to `and'controls ahydraulic valve s4. j' i x, y p 'I'he block 881s also provided with a depending lug 95, positioned to engage'and actuate an upstanding, nger 9S, which islrigldly mounted on one end of a rock shaft 91.W The front end of. the rock shaft 91 is journaled in a bushing 198 carried bythe base frame 48, and its opposite Vend is mounted in a simllarbushing 99 through which it protrudes, `and `the protruding end is` provided with a universalycoupling generally designated |00. The coupling .llconnects the shaft 91. to one end of a shaft Illl, the 'other end `of which is connected to hydraulic Acontrolvalves (not shown) which control theiiow of fluid under pressure to the vertically reciprocable breaching rams `I6V and |1.4 The under side of the cam plate 44 `has secured thereto a hydraulic cylinder 1| by cap screws" The shaft |0| `is Journaled` 'in a vbushing QIHOIEA held in the machine framework bya` retainingy ring IOIB which is secured by screwsJUIC.

The `valve operating block 89 is also, provided with a cam surface I 02 on its leading edge laterally offset with respect to block 88 and valve plunger 93, and vit '1s positionedtoengage the top beveled end and depress a plunger |03,l the lower end of which is connected to'and'operates a hydraulic control valve |04.

The block 89 is valso provided with a depending lug later-ally offset with respect to the lug 95 and nger 96, and in position to engage andactuate an upstanding finger |06 which is rigid on the shaft 91 for rocking the shaft in the opposite direction.

The hydraulic control valves `94 and |04, through the circuit fully disclosed in applicants hereinabove referred to copending application, control the ow of fluid under pressure to the hydraulic cylinder '|I., reciprocation of which moves the Work holding platens 32 and 33 toward and away from their respective breaches, andare ofv the shock absorbing type which slows up movement near the end of the stroke, and cushions the stopping of the moving parts. As shown most clearly in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings, the valves 94 and I 04 are secured to the inside of the front apron |01 of the supporting frame.

It will be understood Ythat the work holder platens 32 and 33 may be vprovided with'any kind of suitable and appropriate'work holding xtures. In the construction shown in the drawings, the machine is shown equipped wtih fixtures |08 and |09 of identical construction secured thereto by cap screws IIO and respectively, a key II2 being provided for taking the shear stress. The fixtures are of idential construction, and, as shown most clearly in Fig. '8, comprise a shaft |I3 having a cam II4 keyed thereto, which engages and rocks one end I I5 of a lever IVI 6, which is pivoted on a pin The opposite end I|8of the lever II6 is adapted to engage and bear down on a work piece II9 and hold the same between 40. the lever and a bearing block |20, which is set into the base of the fixture |08. A spring pressed plunger |2I is provided for normally rocking the lever in a direction to release the Work piece II9, which in the present instance is shown as being 45 a connecting rod bearing cap. I

The cam shaft `I I3 is journaled in spaced upstanding side w-alls integrally formed on the iixture |08, and one endprotrudes beyond the outer side thereof and is provided 'with a hand lever 5 0-, |22 by which the work piece 'I I9 may be quickly and readily clamped into position and released therefrom.

In the operation of this broaching machine, a work piece II9 is secured in one of the Work 55.holders by rotation of the hand lever |22 which causes the cam II 4 to raise the end II5 of the lever I|6 so that the opposite end H8 thereof will grip the work piece against the block I 20 which is set into the work holder |08.

The machine is then started and fluid `pumped by the motor I5 will pass into the hydraulic cylder '|I through either of the piston rods 12 or 13, depending upon the setting ofthe control valves. It will be understood that this machine operates 65 through a definite cycle, the details of whichare fully disclosed in applicants herein referred to copending application. Assuming that the uid passes into the piston rod '|2, it will enter'the cylinder II through the opening I6 and cause the cylinder '|I to move to the. left, as viewed in Figs. 4 and `5 of the drawings. Movement of the cylinder will slide lthe cam plate 44 to the left,

thereby sliding the work holding platen 32 forwardly toward the broach 24, as viewed in Fig. 3 75 of the drawings, the movement of the platen being caused by engagement of the cam lug `52 of the pin 54 contacting the side walls of the .arcuate slot which is formed in the top surface of the cam plate 44.

As the platen 32 approaches the broach, its movement is slowed up due to the positioning of the arcuate slot withrespect to the direction of movement of the platen, and the accurate positioning of the piece of work held in the fixture |08 with respect tothe broach 24 is affected vby abutting engagement of the face of the stop 68 against the complementary stop face of the plate 69, as seen most clearly in Figs. Y8, -9 and 10 Aof 'the drawings.

At the time when the contact faces are in abutting relation, the cam lug 52 is still in substantial spaced relation to the end of its slot 50 'so that the hydraulic pressure within the cylinder continues to hold the platen 32 tightly and rigidly against the stop face 68, and it will be noted that the angle of the slot 50 with respect to the path of travel of the platen 32, when in its inner position, is such that the force is being applied through a relatively small or at angle, thereby wedging the Work holding platen 32 tightly against the stop face 68 in such a manner that the broach acting on the workpiece Will not reverse the movement of the platen. It is also to be noted that the force applied to hold the platen against the stop face 68 is in direct alignment with the work piece and broach, so that a very sturdy and rigid holding ofthe vwork piece is. secured, thereby permitting the broach to make a cut with great accuracy on the work'. piece, and subsequent work pieces will likewise be held to extremely close limits of precision.

By having the cam lug 52 in substantial spaced relation to the end of its slot 50 when the platen is abutting against the stop face 68, it will be evident that considerable wear on the face of the cam lug 52 may occur without in any wise affecting the accurate positioning of the `platen 3.2, as such wear will merely mean that the cam lug 52 will approach more nearly tothe end of its cam slot. Inasmuch as the abutting stop faces are not subjected to any sliding friction, there will `be .substantially no wear whatever on these parts even over a period of extremely long use.

When the Work holder platen 32 is moved forward, the platen 33 is moved simultaneously in the opposite direction away from its broach by engagement of the cam lug 53 against the side walls of the cam slot 5I so that as one of the platens is mo-ved toward its broach, the other platen is always moved simultaneously away from its broach.

When theplaten carrying the piece of workl has moved in-to position to be acted on by. its broach, the broaching ram will then move downwardly so as to operate on the lwork piece, and while this is 'being done, theoperator of the machine may remove the work piece from the opposite fixture and replace it with another piece which is clamped in position ready to be operated on by its respective broach.

It is to be noted that the work holding platens 32 and 33 are -slidable on broad, rigid bearing surfaces 34, 35, 40 and 4I so that the platens are held with` extreme rigidity to lresist. downward pressure caused by the breaches. Also anytendency to rock, either4 toward or away from the their respective platens. i

treme accuracy and precision, and 'subsequent work, pieces are maintained within the extremely close precision limits now demandedin the industry.

i Thepins 54 and 55 which carry the cam lugs 52 and 53,;respectively, are mounted in' eccen=4v tric bushings so that manufacturing inaccuracies may be compensated for/in the assembly of the machine. W'hen the parts are assembled and the lugs `52 and 53 are in proper position in their respective slots; which position can be secured by rotation of their respective eccentric bushings, then vthe holes are drilled for the attaching screws 58 which hold the bushings in `As shown most clearly in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 of the drawings,` the stop faces 68 and 69 are positionedwell back under their respective platens so that chips from the broaching operations will not be' able to get between these contacting faces, and furthermore, the faces'` are sealed from the accidental entry of any foreign matter by the felt wipers 61. With this arrangement, there is substantially no possibility of any particle of foreign matter getting betweenlthe contacting faces,

broaching tool ram, a work holder platen trans` versely reciprocable toward and away from saidV ram by straight line translational movement,

and a cam plate movable by straight line trans` lational movement transversely to the path of travel of said platen for actuating said work holder platen.

2. In a broaching machine, a reciprocable' broaching tool ram, a work holder transversely reciprocable toward and away from said ram, an abutment for limiting movement Aof said work holder toward said ram, a cam plate reciprocable transversely tothe path of travel of said work holder, means for actuating said cam plate, `said cam plate having an arcuate slot therein, and a lug on said work holder extending into said slot, said slot and lug being arrangedl so that recip- Lrocation of said cam plate will movesaidwork holder toward and away from said ram, and

when said work holder is moved inward toward said ram, the angle of said slot with respect to the path of movement of said work holder willV wedge said work holder against said abutment.

3. In a broaching machina a reciprocable broaching tool ram, `a work holder transversely reciprocable toward and away from said ram,Y a cam plate movable transversely to the path of travel of said workholder, said cam plate having a cam slot therein, a lug on said work holder i'ltting in said cam slot, said lug being shaped to the side walls of said'cam slot so as to present a relatively broad bearing surface for engagement with the side walls of said slot.

4. In a broaching machine, a horizontal frame support, a vertically disposed broaching ram `at the rearL edge of vsaid support,a horizontally reciprocable work supporting platen on said horizontal frame support; and movable toward and awaygfromsaid'broaching ram, a cam plate re-` ciprocable on said horizontal frame support beneath said platenl and movable transversely to the path of `travel thereof, said cam plate having a cam groove therein, a vertically disposed pin mounted in said platen, said pin having a depending end tting in said' cam groove, and

means forfreciprocating said cam plate formoving saidfplaten toward and away from said broaching ram. A Y

5. In `abroaching ram,a main frame having a vertically disposedy 'portion and a horizontally disposed` portion,:a pair of vertically reciprocable broachingtoolrams on` said vertically disposed frame portion, a painofhorizontally reciprocable fromits ram, and means for actuating said cam plate.

6. A structure, as `defined in'claim 9, in which said cam plate isfprovided with' a pair of cam slots and a lug on each of said platens extending into `said' slots formovng said platens when said cam plate is reciprocated.`

7. In abroaching ram, a main frame having a vertically` disposed portion and a horizontally disposed portion, a pair of vertically reciprocable broaching tool rams on said vertically disposed frame portion, a pair of horizontally reciprocable work holder platens `onsa'id horizontally disposed frame portions, said platens being movable toward and away from said rams; respectively, abutments `for limiting movement ofl said platens toward saidyrams, a `unitary cam plate reciprocable on said frame in a path transverse to the path of travel of said platens, `said cam plate-having a pair of arcuate cam slots therein, a `lugr on s each' ofsaid platens extending into the respective slots for moving said platens when said,\cam plate. is reciprocated, said'lugs being shaped to conform to the arc of curvature of said slots so as to provide a substantial bearing surface for engagement with the side walls of said slots,` the'angle` between `the arcuate slots and thepath of movement of the cam plate being such that `when the platens are moved toward the frams, the arcuate cam slots wedge them against said abutments.

8. In a broaching machine having a reciprocable broaching tool ram, a work holder transversely reciprocabletoward and away from said ram by straight line translational movement, an abutment for limiting travel ofsaid work holder toward said broaching ram, and a cam for reciprocating v'said work holder` and movable by straight line translational movement transverselynof thevpath of `said worlholder, said cam `in one position beingpadapted to wedge said work holder against said `abutment for holding the same in broaching position.

BENEDICT WELTE.

ALBERT H, WERDEN.

Cil

I CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,225,191. December .17, 19).;0.

BENEICT WELTE, ET l AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page ll., second column, line 50, claimv 6, for the claim reference numeral' 9" read --5; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent office.

Signed and sealed this )4th day of February, A. D. 1914.1.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

